CARA study shows positive signs of belief in Eucharist

Survey finds correlation between Mass attendance, Real Presence belief in Eucharist

By Maria Wiering
OSV News

Almost two-thirds of Catholics believe in the real presence of Jesus in the Eucharist, but only 17 percent of adult Catholics physically attend Mass at least once per week, according to a newly published survey from Georgetown University's Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate. 

The survey also revealed a high correlation between belief in the Eucharist and weekly or even monthly Mass attendance.

The 2022 survey of self-identified Catholics published Sept. 26 and titled "Eucharist Beliefs: A National Survey of Adult Catholics" found 64 percent of respondents provided responses that indicate they believe in the Real Presence, that the Lord Jesus Christ is truly present under the appearance of bread and wine in the Eucharist.

That conclusion was drawn from both open-ended and closed-ended questions respondents were asked about their understanding of Church teaching about the Eucharist and additional questions to clarify their beliefs.

According to the CARA study, 49 percent of respondents correctly identified that the Church teaches that "Jesus Christ is truly present under the appearance of bread and wine." The other 51 percent incorrectly identified the Church's teaching as "bread and wine are symbols of Jesus' actions at the Last Supper, meaning that Jesus is only symbolically present in the consecrated bread and wine."

"Results of this question indicate that there is substantial confusion about what the Church teaches about the Eucharist with slightly more adult Catholics not knowing this correctly than those correctly identifying the teachings," the report stated.

The survey report noted the data from the responses to the questions indicated "most who do not believe in the Real Presence are not rejecting the teaching, as they do not know this is what the Church teaches."

The survey aimed to test or clarify the findings of a 2019 Pew Research Center survey that found one-third of U.S. Catholics agree with the Church that the Eucharist is the body and blood of Christ. According to Pew's analysis published in August 2019, "nearly seven-in-10 Catholics (69 percent) say they personally believe that during Catholic Mass, the bread and wine used in Communion 'are symbols of the body and blood of Jesus Christ.' Just one-third of U.S. Catholics (31 percent) say they believe that 'during Catholic Mass, the bread and wine actually become the body and blood of Jesus.'"

The 2019 Pew survey was part of the impetus for the National Eucharistic Revival that the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops launched last year, and which will include a National Eucharistic Congress in Indianapolis in July. The initiative aims "to inspire a movement of Catholics across the United States who are healed, converted, formed, and unified by an encounter with Jesus in the Eucharist — and who are then sent out on mission 'for the life of the world,'" its website states.

In a review of previous surveys asking Catholics about their belief in the Real Presence beginning with a 2008 American National Election Study, CARA indicated that the Pew Research Center's phrasing for its question on the topic may have been confusing to respondents. CARA aimed to be as clear as possible with its survey's approach, which is why it opened with an "unaided and open-ended question": "In your own words, what do you believe happens to the gifts of bread and wine after consecration during Mass?"

The new CARA study, while showing more Catholics believe in the Real Presence than in the Pew study, still underscores the need for the Eucharistic Revival, said Bishop Andrew H. Cozzens of Crookston, Minn., chairman of the USCCB's Committee on Evangelization and Catechesis, which is supporting the revival.

"It's still not good news," Bishop Cozzens told OSV News. "What it reveals is that there's ... people who say they believe in the Eucharist, but they don't go to Mass. In that sense, they obviously haven't had a real encounter with Jesus in the Eucharist."

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